Commentary Czechia and Italy are leading the charge against EU carbon pricing, derailing last week’s EU leaders’ summit. But their resistance runs deeper than politics: Czech lignite dependence and Italian gas interests shape each position. Yet both countries also host thriving clean-tech industries, such as heat pumps, that remain underrepresented in national debates. Ahead of the European Commission’s post-2030 climate proposal, amplifying these voices could offer a path to compromise. A commentary by Emil Sondaj Hansen and Emmanuel Molding Nielsen (Think Tank Europa), Davide Panzeri (ECCO Climate) and Tomáš Jungwirth Brezovsky (Association for International Affairs).