As Europe’s energy system shifts from fossil fuels to decentralised renewable energies, one challenge is coming into focus: how can the rising costs of expanding and modernising the electricity grids required for the transport of renewable power be financed fairly and efficiently? And how can tariff design help reduce pressure on the grid by encouraging consumption patterns that make better use of existing infrastructure? Sinéad Thielen examines how different grid and electricity tariff structures can support a fair, flexible and resilient electricity system, and what is needed to protect vulnerable consumers in the process.